Plastic hinge properties play a crucial role in predicting the nonlinear response of structural elements. The plastic hinge region of reinforced concrete normal beams has been previously studied experimentally and analytically. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the behavior of the plastic hinge region of reinforced concrete deep beams and its comparison with normal beams through finite element simulation. To do so, ten beams contain six deep beams, and four normal beams, under concentrated and uniformly distributed loading, are investigated. Lengths in the plastic hinge region involving curvature localization, rebar yielding, and concrete crushing zones are studied. The results indicate that the curvature localization zone is not suitable for the prediction of plastic hinge length in reinforced concrete deep beams. Based on the results it can be stated that in simply supported normal beams the concrete crushing zone is focused on the middle span, but in simply supported deep beams by creating a compression strut between loading place and support, the concrete crushing zone spreads along the compression trajectory. The rebar yielding zone of simply supported beams increases as the loading type is changed from the concentrated load at the middle to the uniformly distributed load.

Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstand both dynamic and static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the effects of earthquakes on underground structures and the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated and by using Plaxis 2D software and based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity Analysis on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight and modulus of elasticity was carried out, and the parameters whose changes have the greatest and least effects on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static Analysis. Also, outputs of sensitivity Analysis on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the soil surrounding tunnel has the most effect and cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

In this paper, recommended spiral passive micromixer was designed and simulated. spiral design has the potential to create and strengthen the centrifugal force and the secondary flow. A series of simulations were carried out to evaluate the effects of channel width, channel depth, the gap between loops, and flowrate on the micromixer performance. These features impact the contact area of the two fluids and ultimately lead to an increment in the quality of the mixture. In this study, for the flow rate of 25 μl/min and molecular diffusion coefficient of 1×10-10 m2/s, mixing efficiency of more than 90% is achieved after 30 (approximately one-third of the total channel length). Finally, the optimized design fabricated using proposed 3D printing method.

In this research, in order to investigate the effect of the piezoelectric patch which is used as a sensor or actuator in rotating flexible structures such as a helicopter blade, the free vibrations of the rotating rectangular sheet with and without the piezoelectric patch have been presented. First-order shear deformation theory is considered for plate displacement and piezoelectric field. Considering the effect of Coriolis acceleration, centrifugal acceleration and centrifugal in-plane forces, the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle and the electromechanical couple equation is obtained from Maxwell's equation. For piezoelectric, two electrical conditions, open circuit and closed circuit, which are used in sensors and actuators, respectively, have been considered. The equations are discretized with the help of the Numerical method of generalized differential squares and the matrices of inertia mass, eccentricity, Coriolis and stiffness matrix are obtained. Natural frequency values for beam and rotating plate have been compared in Abaqus software. Also, the values obtained from the Numerical solution in MATLAB have been verified with articles and ABAQUS, which have high accuracy. The effect of parameters such as hub radius, rotation speed, sheet thickness, aspect ratio, piezoelectric patch thickness and applied voltage on the natural frequency of the system has also been investigated.

Purpose: The flourishing of political parties and currents is one of the signs of the degree of development in societies. In contemporary Iran and since the formation of the constitutional movement, political currents have gone through many ups and downs and it can be said that political currents in Iran after the Islamic Revolution have not yet reached the stage of institutionalization and stability. A characteristic feature of political currents in Iran is the divergence and division among political currents in recent decades, and this can be one of the reasons for the instability and cross-sectional and seasonal activity of political parties in Iran. Therefore, the necessity of leading research seeks to answer the question of how factors and divergence among political currents in Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution can be analyzed? And what are the scenarios for the advancement of political currents in Iran?Method: To answer this question, the method of causal-layer Analysis, which is one of the qualitative methods in futures research, has been used.Findings: The research findings indicate that this divergence is due to a wide range of reasons from the level of causal systems (from the institutionalization of power to the formation of parties as elitist initiatives), worldview and discourse (from charismatic political authority to culture). Subsidiary-follower politics to myth-metaphor (Iranian individualism to belief in a strong state-weak society) can be analyzed.Conclusions: Three scenarios for the future of Iranian political currents can be considered: integration of currents as the security valve of the political system, the collapse of political currents in the traditional form, integration and consolidation in new social movements (virtualized parties).

در این کار، یک مدل سه بعدی به منظور بررسی جریان سیال در یک میکروپمپ مگنتوهیدرودینامیک توسعه یافته است. معادلات به صورت عددی با استفاده از روش حجم محدود و الگوریتم سیمپل حل شده اند. در این مطالعه به تحلیل عملکرد میکروپمپ مگنتوهیدرودینامیک پرداخته شده است. به همین منظور، یک میکروپمپ مگنتوهیدرودینامیک که در سال 2000 ساخته شده است، شبیه سازی شده است. این میکروپمپ دارای میکروکانالی با طول 20 میلیمتر، عرض 800 میکرومتر، ارتفاع 380 میکرومتر و الکترودی با طول  4میلیمتر می باشد. شار مغناطیسی اعمال شده 13 میلی تسلا و جریان الکتریکی برای محلول های مختلف متفاوت بوده است (10-140mA). نتایج نشان می دهد که شدت میدان مغناطیسی، جریان الکتریکی و ابعاد هندسی بر عملکرد میکروپمپ های مگنتوهیدرودینامیک تاثیرگذار است. با افزایش شار مغناطیسی و جریان الکتریکی مقدار سرعت متوسط افزایش می یابد. کاهش طول کانال سبب افزایش سرعت متوسط جریان می گردد. همچنین مشاهده می شود که با افزایش عمق کانال سرعت متوسط جریان ابتدا افزایش و سپس کاهش می یابد و در عمق تقریبا 800-700 میکرومتر بیشترین سرعت متوسط حاصل می شود. با افزایش عرض کانال نیز تا مقدار 1500 میکرومتر سرعت افزایش یافته ولی در مقادیر بیشتر از آن تغییری در مقادیر سرعت حاصل نمی شود.

در این پژوهش پایداری دیوارهای خاکی مسلح با ژئوسنتتیک با استفاده از نرم افزار اجزای محدود PLAXIS مورد بررسی قرار گرفت تا تاثیر عوامل گوناگونی چون سختی محوری ژئوسنتتیک، فاصله عمودی بین لایه های ژئوسنتتیک، طول لایه های ژئوسنتتیک، زاویه اصطکاک داخلی خاک ریز بر تغییرشکل های دیوار و هم چنین نیروهای محوری به وجود آمده در المان مسلح کننده، مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد. در ابتدا صحت نتایج تحلیل در مقایسه با نتایج یک پروژه واقعی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت سپس یک تحلیل پارامتریک مفصل انجام شد. نتایج این تحلیل ها نشان داد که با افزایش میزان سختی کششی ژئوسنتتیک از مقدار تغییرشکل های افقی دیوار کاسته می شود. لیکن اثر افزایش سختی محوری ژئوسنتتیک در کاهش تغییرشکل های افقی دیوار فقط تا مقدار مشخصی قابل ملاحطه می باشد و پس از این مقدار معین، افزایش سختی ژئوسنتتیک تاثیر قابل ملاحظه ای بر کاهش تغییرشکل ها و نشست ها ندارد. هم چنین با کاهش فاصله بین لایه های مسلح کننده و افزایش طول لایه ژئوسنتتیک، میزان تغییر شکل های افقی دیوار کاهش می یابد. اما این کاهش فقط تا تعداد لایه معین و طول معینی محسوس می باشد و بعد از آن تغییرات کمتر می شود.

Recognition and understanding the genetic control of traits, combining ability and genetic structure are directly related to the success of breeding programs. For this purpose, a 7 × 7 one-way diallel design was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits were included plant height, height to the first capsule, number of days to 50% and 90% of flowering, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, number of days to physiological ripening, number of branches, leaves number and length, 1000-seeds weight, capsule weight, length and width, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, biological andeconomic yields, harvest index, oil and protein percentage. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes and diallel Analysis showed that the additive variance of all traits and dominant variance of all traits except height to the first fruit-bearing capsule were significant. The oltan cultivar was the best and Ardestan genotype was the worst genotype in terms of general combining ability. Sabzevar×TS-3 and Sirjan×Fars were the best hybrids in most traits. The general heritability was between 0.90 to 0.96 for biologic yield and number of branches, respectively and narrow heritability was between 0.36 to 0.91 for the number of branches and harvest index, respectively. The Analysis of variance by Hayman method confirmed the results of Griffing Analysis.